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Behaviour, Development and Evolution

機(jī)譯：行為，發(fā)展與演變

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摘要

"The role of parents in shaping the characters of their children, the causes of violence and crime, and the roots of personal unhappiness are central to humanity. Like so many fundamental questions about human existence, these issues all relate to behavioural development. In this lucid and accessible book, eminent biologist Professor Sir Patrick Bateson suggests that the nature/nurture dichotomy we often use to think about questions of development in both humans and animals is misleading. Instead, he argues that we should pay attention to whole systems, rather than to simple causes, when trying to understand the complexity of development.In his wide-ranging approach Bateson discusses why so much behaviour appears to be well- designed. He explores issues such as ‘imprinting’ and its importance to the attachment of offspring to their parents; the mutual benefits that characterise communication between parent and offspring; the importance of play in learning how to choose and control the optimal conditions in which to thrive; and the vital function of adaptability in the interplay between development and evolution.Bateson disputes the idea that a simple link can be found between genetics and behaviour. What an individual human or animal does in its life depends on the reciprocal character of its transactions with the world about it. This knowledge also points to ways in which an animal's own behaviour can provide the variation that influences the subsequent course of evolution.This has relevance not only for our scientific approaches to the systems of development and evolution, but also on how humans change institutional rules that have become dysfunctional, or design public health measures when mismatches occur between themselves and their environments. It affects how we think about ourselves and our own capacity for change."
機(jī)譯：“父母在塑造孩子的性格，暴力和犯罪的成因以及個(gè)人不快樂的根源方面的作用對人類至關(guān)重要。像許多關(guān)于人類生存的基本問題一樣，這些問題都與行為發(fā)展有關(guān)。杰出的生物學(xué)家帕特里克·貝特森爵士教授這本書既清晰又通俗易懂，他指出，我們經(jīng)常用來思考人和動物發(fā)育問題的自然/養(yǎng)分二分法具有誤導(dǎo)性，相反，他認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注整個(gè)系統(tǒng)，而不是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)貝特森（Bateson）在廣泛的方法中討論了為什么如此多的行為似乎是經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計(jì)的，他探討了諸如“烙印”等問題及其對后代依附于其后代的重要性。父母；表征父母與后代之間交流的共同利益；游戲在學(xué)習(xí)如何選擇和控制父母方面的重要性壯成長的最佳條件；貝特森（Bateson）反對在遺傳學(xué)和行為之間可以找到簡單聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)。人類或動物的一生所做的事取決于與周圍世界交易的相互性。這些知識還指出了動物自身行為可以提供影響后續(xù)進(jìn)化過程的變異的方式，這不僅與我們對發(fā)育和進(jìn)化系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)方法有關(guān)，而且與人類如何改變制度規(guī)則有關(guān)。變得功能失調(diào)，或在自身與環(huán)境之間發(fā)生不匹配時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)公共衛(wèi)生措施。它影響著我們?nèi)绾慰创约阂约拔覀冏约旱淖兏锬芰??！?

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Bateson ,Patrick;

  • 作者單位
  • 年度 2017
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 English
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